Network Cable Management for internet Commercial Project YH00

According to iso definition, network management has five functions: fault management, configuration management, performance management, security management and billing management. Different functions of network management software products can be subdivided into five categories, namely, network fault management software, network configuration management software, network performance management software, network service / security management software, network billing management software.
Let's briefly introduce the familiar network fault management, network configuration management, network performance management, network billing management and network security management five aspects of network management functions:
Iso defines the five major functions of network management in the iso / iec 7498 - 4 document and is widely accepted. These five functions are:
( 1 ) fault management
Fault management is one of the most basic functions in network management. Users want a reliable computer network. When a component of a network fails, the network manager must quickly find the failure and troubleshoot it in a timely manner. It is generally not possible to isolate a fault quickly because the causes of network failures are often quite complex, especially when the failure is caused by a combination of multiple networks. In this case, the network is typically repaired before the cause of the network failure is analyzed. It is important to analyze the cause of the failure to prevent the recurrence of similar failures. Network fault management includes fault detection, isolation and correction, and should include the following typical functions:
administration of networks
( 1 ) fault monitoring: actively detecting or passively receiving various event information on the network, identifying the contents related to network and system faults, keeping track of key parts thereof, and generating network fault event records.
( 1 ) fault alarm: receiving the alarm information from the fault monitoring module, driving different alarm programs according to the alarm strategy, and sending out a network serious fault alarm by an alarm window / ring ( notifying a first-line network manager ) or an e-mail ( notifying a decision-making manager ).
( 2 ) fault information management: based on the analysis of event records, define network faults and generate fault cards, record the troubleshooting steps and attendant logs related to faults, construct fault-shooting action records, and logically correlate the events - faults - logs into a whole, so as to reflect all aspects of the whole process of fault generation, change and elimination.
( 3 ) debugging support tools: providing a series of real-time detection tools to managers, testing the condition of the managed equipment and recording the test results for analysis and debugging by technicians; According to the existing debugging experience and the description of the fault status of the administrator to give tips for troubleshooting action.
( 4 ) retrieval / analysis of fault information: read and query all database records in the fault management system by keyword retrieval, collect fault record data on a regular basis, and based on this, give the reliability parameters of the managed network system and the managed line equipment.
The detection of network faults is based on the monitoring of the status of network components. Minor simple failures are usually recorded in the error log and are not handled specifically; And some serious failures need to inform the network manager, the so-called " alarm". General network manager should be based on relevant information to deal with the alarm, troubleshooting. When the failure is complex, the network manager should be able to perform diagnostic tests to identify the cause of the failure.
2 billing management ( accounting management )
Billing management records the use of network resources to control and monitor the costs and costs of network operations. It is particularly important for some public business networks. It can estimate the costs and costs that users may need to use network resources and the resources that have already been used. The network administrator can also specify the maximum fees that users can use, thereby controlling the excessive use and use of network resources by users. This also improves the efficiency of the network on the other hand. In addition, when a user needs to use resources in multiple networks for one communication purpose, billing management should be able to calculate the total cost.
⑴ billing data acquisition: billing data acquisition is the basis of the whole billing system, but billing data acquisition is often restricted by the acquisition equipment hardware and software, but also related to the network resources for billing.
⑵ data management and data maintenance: accounting management has strong manual interaction. although many data maintenance systems are completed automatically, it still needs manual management, including input of payment fees, maintenance of networking unit information, and determination of bill style, etc.
( 3 ) billing policy formulation; Since billing policies are often flexible, it is particularly important to enable users to freely formulate input billing policies. This requires a friendly man-machine interface for billing policy formulation and a complete data model for billing policy implementation.
( 4 ) policy comparison and decision support: billing management should provide more than one set of billing policy data comparison, to provide decision-making basis for policy formulation.
5 ] data analysis and cost calculation: use the collected data on the use of network resources, detailed information of network users and billing policy to calculate the use of network user resources, and calculate the fees payable.
[ 6 ] data query: provide each network user with detailed information about their own use of network resources, network users can calculate and check their own charges according to this information.
( 3 ) configuration management
Configuration management is equally important. It initializes the network and configures it to provide network services. Configuration management is a set of related functions necessary to identify, define, control, and monitor objects that make up a communication network in order to achieve a particular function or optimize network performance.
( 1 ) automatic acquisition of configuration information: in a large network, there are more devices to be managed. if the configuration information of each device depends entirely on the manual input of management personnel, the workload is quite large, and there is also the possibility of error. For people unfamiliar with the network structure, this work can't even be done' therefore, an advanced network management system should have automatic access to configuration information. Even in the case of managers are not very familiar with the network structure and configuration situation, can through the relevant technical means to complete the configuration and management of the network. In the configuration information of network equipment, according to the acquisition means can be roughly divided into three categories: one is defined in the MIB network management protocol standard configuration information ( including SNMP; And cmip protocol ); The second category is configuration information that is not defined in the network management protocol standard, but is important for device operation; The three categories are some of the side information used for management.
( 2 ) automatic configuration, automatic backup and related technologies: the automatic acquisition function of configuration information is equivalent to " reading" information from network equipment, and correspondingly, there is a large amount of " writing" information demand in network management applications. Network configuration information is also classified according to setting means: one type is configuration information that can be set by methods defined in network management protocol standards, such as set services in SNMP; The second category is information that can be configured by automatically logging into the device; The three categories are administrative configuration information that needs to be modified.
( 3 ) configuration consistency check: in a large network, due to the large number of network devices, and due to management reasons, these devices are likely not to be configured by the same manager. In fact' even configurations of devices by the same administrator can cause configuration consistency problems for a variety of reasons. Therefore, a consistency check of the configuration of the entire network is necessary. In the network configuration, the router port configuration and routing information configuration have the greatest impact on the normal operation of the network. therefore, it is mainly these two types of information that should be checked for consistency.
( 4 ) user operation record function: configuration system security is the core of the whole network management system security, therefore, must be recorded for each configuration operation of the user. In configuration management, user actions need to be logged and saved. Administrators can view specific configuration actions by specific users at any time during a specific time.
( 4 ) performance management
Performance management evaluates system performance such as system resource health and communication efficiency. Its capabilities include mechanisms for monitoring and analyzing the performance of the managed network and the services it provides. The results of the performance analysis may trigger a diagnostic test procedure or reconfigure the network to maintain network performance. Performance management collects and analyzes data information about the current state of the managed network and maintains and analyzes performance logs. Some typical functions include:
⑴ performance monitoring: user - defined managed objects and their attributes. Managed object types include lines and routers; Managed object attributes include traffic, latency, packet loss rate, CPU utilization, temperature, and memory headroom. For each managed object, performance data is collected at regular intervals, and performance reports are automatically generated.
⑵ threshold control: the threshold value can be set for each attribute of each managed object, and for the specific attribute of a specific managed object, the threshold value can be set for different time periods and performance indicators
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Row threshold setting. Threshold checking and alerting can be controlled by setting threshold checking switches to provide corresponding threshold management and overflow alerting mechanisms.
⑶ performance bridging: analyze, count and sort out historical data, calculate performance indicators, judge performance status, and provide reference for network planning.
( 4 ) visual performance report: scanning and processing the data to generate a performance trend curve, and reflecting the result of performance analysis by an intuitive graph.
( 5 ) real - time performance monitoring: a series of real-time data acquisition is provided; Analysis and visualization tools, used for real-time detection of traffic, load, packet loss, temperature, memory, delay and other network equipment and line performance indicators, can arbitrarily set the data acquisition interval.
[ 6 ] network object performance query: the performance records of managed network objects and their properties can be retrieved by list or by keyword.
5 ] security management
Security has always been one of the weak links in the network, and the user's demand for network security is quite high, so network security management is very important. There are several major security issues in the network:
Privacy of network data ( protecting network data from illegal acquisition by intruders ),
Authentication ( preventing intruders from sending error messages over the network ),
Access control ( control access control ( control access to network resources ).
Accordingly, network security management should include management of authorization mechanisms, access control, encryption, and encryption keys, as well as maintenance and inspection of security logs. Include:
In the process of network management, the management and control information stored and transmitted is very important to the operation and management of the network. once leaked, tampered and forged, it will cause disastrous damage to the network. The security of network management itself is guaranteed by the following mechanisms: ( 1 ) administrator identity authentication, using certificate authentication mechanism based on public key; To improve system efficiency, simple password authentication can be used for users in a trusted domain, such as a local area network.
⑵ encryption and integrity of management information storage and transmission. secure socket layer ( SSL ) transmission protocol is adopted between web browser and network management server to encrypt and transmit management information and ensure its integrity; Internally stored confidential information, such as login passwords, is also encrypted.
( 3 ) network management user group management and access control, network management system of the user ( i.e., administrator ) according to the different task is divided into several user groups, different user groups have different permissions, the operation of the user by the access control check, ensure that the user can't ultra vires use network management system.
( 4 ) system log analysis, record all the user's operation, make the operation of the system and the modification of the network object is documented, at the same time also help to track and recover the fault.
Security management of network objects has the following functions:
( 1 ) access control of network resources, through the management of router access control linked list, complete the management function of the firewall, namely from the network layer ( 1p ) and transport layer ( TCP ) control access to network resources, protect the network internal equipment and application services, prevent foreign attacks.
2 alarm event analysis, receive the alarm event from the network object, analyst security related information ( such as router login information, SNMP authentication failure information ), real-time alarm to the administrator, and provide the retrieval and analysis mechanism of historical security events, timely find the ongoing attack or suspicious signs of attack.
( 3 ) the host system security vulnerability detection, real-time monitoring of the host system of important services ( such as www, DNS, etc. ) state, provide security monitoring tools, in order to search the system may exist security vulnerabilities or security risks, and make up for the measures are given.

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